21世紀經濟報道記者 鄭植文 武漢報道

“國(guo)內最近發(fa)現了很多鋰礦(kuang)，只(zhi)是開(kai)采沒那么快，但市場增長很快，出現了供應緊張。我國(guo)鋰資源(yuan)總體是夠的，可以滿足全國(guo)3億多臺(tai)汽車全面電動化(hua)需求(qiu)。”9月23日，比亞迪股(gu)份有限公司董(dong)事(shi)長兼總裁王傳(chuan)福(fu)通過(guo)視頻方式在中國(guo)新能源(yuan)汽車發(fa)展高層論壇上(shang)表示。

近年來(lai)，我國新(xin)能源汽(qi)車進入了一(yi)個乘勢而上(shang)的(de)加速變革期，月(yue)(yue)(yue)滲透(tou)(tou)率從去年1月(yue)(yue)(yue)的(de)6%，到去年12月(yue)(yue)(yue)22%，今年3月(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)高突破30%，9月(yue)(yue)(yue)以來(lai)每周(zhou)滲透(tou)(tou)率也都(dou)維(wei)持(chi)在(zai)30%以上(shang)。當前(qian)，新(xin)能源汽(qi)車行(xing)業(ye)已迎來(lai)前(qian)所未有的(de)發(fa)展局面，正(zheng)成長(chang)為拉動產(chan)業(ye)、促進消費(fei)和擴大出口(kou)的(de)頂(ding)梁柱。隨著市場(chang)爆發(fa)式增(zeng)長(chang)，汽(qi)車產(chan)業(ye)鏈在(zai)加速重構。

關于新(xin)能源(yuan)汽車(che)產業鏈(lian)發展(zhan)和戰略布(bu)局(ju)，王(wang)傳(chuan)福(fu)提出兩(liang)點思考：

第(di)一，要堅持磷酸鐵鋰(li)作為動(dong)力電池正確的技術路線。一是(shi)鋰(li)資源(yuan)，國內最近發現(xian)了很(hen)多鋰(li)礦，只是(shi)開采(cai)沒那(nei)么快，但(dan)市場增長很(hen)快，出(chu)現(xian)了供(gong)應緊張(zhang)。我(wo)(wo)國鋰(li)資源(yuan)總體是(shi)夠的，可以滿足(zu)全(quan)國3億(yi)多臺汽車(che)(che)全(quan)面(mian)電動(dong)化需求。二是(shi)鈷資源(yuan)，全(quan)球都很(hen)稀少，主要分布在剛果、印尼和澳大利亞。我(wo)(wo)國探明的鈷礦儲(chu)量(liang)只有13萬噸，占(zhan)比(bi)不(bu)到(dao)2%。三(san)是(shi)鎳資源(yuan)，我(wo)(wo)國很(hen)稀少，探明儲(chu)量(liang)也只有約400萬噸，占(zhan)全(quan)球約4%。鈷和鎳的儲(chu)量(liang)，無法滿足(zu)汽車(che)(che)全(quan)面(mian)電動(dong)化需求。

“我國(guo)(guo)不可能從燃(ran)油(you)車時(shi)代(dai)被(bei)石油(you)卡脖(bo)子，轉(zhuan)變為(wei)電(dian)動車時(shi)代(dai)被(bei)金(jin)屬鈷和鎳卡脖(bo)子。我國(guo)(guo)磷酸鐵鋰月度裝(zhuang)車量占比從2019年最低15%，已提到今(jin)年最高67%，保持了快速的(de)增(zeng)長(chang)，我們(men)要堅持這個正確的(de)戰(zhan)略方向。”

第(di)二，要堅(jian)持純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)插(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)混(hun)(hun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)技術路(lu)線并(bing)行發(fa)展。目(mu)前(qian)，我國(guo)有一半的(de)家庭仍是無車(che)(che)家庭，插(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)混(hun)(hun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)實現了(le)(le)短(duan)途用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、長途用油，讓家庭第(di)一部車(che)(che)可油可電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)重點解決了(le)(le)增(zeng)購需(xu)(xu)求，插(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)混(hun)(hun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)有效解決了(le)(le)更多(duo)家庭的(de)首購和(he)換(huan)購需(xu)(xu)求。插(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)混(hun)(hun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)變(bian)革相對(dui)溫和(he)，對(dui)產(chan)(chan)業鏈變(bian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)沖(chong)擊最小，無論是對(dui)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機、變(bian)速(su)箱等傳統車(che)(che)產(chan)(chan)業，還是對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池等新能源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)產(chan)(chan)業，都是容易接受的(de)。插(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)混(hun)(hun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是實現雙碳目(mu)標的(de)重要路(lu)徑，在促進(jin)新能源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)快(kuai)速(su)發(fa)展的(de)同時，保障了(le)(le)變(bian)革期產(chan)(chan)業鏈、供(gong)應鏈穩定，有助于燃(ran)油車(che)(che)到純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)的(de)平(ping)穩過渡。