21世紀經濟報道記者雷椰 李德尚玉 北京報道
10月28日，《中共中央關于制定(ding)國(guo)民(min)經濟(ji)和社(she)會發(fa)展第十(shi)五個五年(nian)規劃(hua)的(de)建議(yi)》（以下(xia)簡稱《建議(yi)》）重磅發(fa)布。《建議(yi)》提出(chu)，加快(kuai)建設新(xin)型(xing)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)體(ti)系(xi)。持(chi)續提高新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供給比重，推進化石(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)安(an)(an)全(quan)可靠(kao)有序替代，著力構建新(xin)型(xing)電力系(xi)統，建設能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)強國(guo)。全(quan)面(mian)提升電力系(xi)統互補互濟(ji)和安(an)(an)全(quan)韌(ren)性(xing)水(shui)平，科學(xue)布局抽水(shui)蓄能(neng)(neng)，大力發(fa)展新(xin)型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)，加快(kuai)智能(neng)(neng)電網(wang)和微電網(wang)建設。加快(kuai)健全(quan)適應新(xin)型(xing)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)體(ti)系(xi)的(de)市場和價格機制。
圍繞“十(shi)四五(wu)”能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)轉型、“十(shi)五(wu)五(wu)”建設(she)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統與科技創新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)等(deng)話題，近日，國(guo)(guo)(guo)合會(hui)(hui)“綠色轉型重大科技創新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)”專(zhuan)題政策研(yan)究中(zhong)方副組長，國(guo)(guo)(guo)網能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)研(yan)究院新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)與統計研(yan)究所(suo)原(yuan)所(suo)長李瓊慧在2025年國(guo)(guo)(guo)合會(hui)(hui)期間接(jie)受了21世紀經濟報道記者(zhe)專(zhuan)訪。李瓊慧表示，“十(shi)四五(wu)”期間，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)規模全(quan)球領先(xian)，風(feng)電(dian)(dian)光(guang)伏裝機(ji)占(zhan)全(quan)球超(chao)40%，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發展為全(quan)球減碳做出了重要(yao)貢獻(xian)。“十(shi)四五(wu)”期間，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)出口的風(feng)電(dian)(dian)光(guang)伏產品累計為其(qi)他國(guo)(guo)(guo)家減少(shao)碳排(pai)放(fang)約(yue)41億噸。面對“十(shi)五(wu)五(wu)”能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)轉型，市場迎(ying)來兩大機(ji)遇(yu)：一是(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家級(ji)零(ling)碳園區示范建設(she)，其(qi)碳排(pai)放(fang)強度需(xu)比(bi)當(dang)前平均水平下(xia)降(jiang)約(yue)90%，催(cui)生新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網、分布式智能(neng)電(dian)(dian)網/微電(dian)(dian)網、能(neng)碳管理平臺(tai)等(deng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)需(xu)求(qiu)；二是(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)全(quan)面市場化，企業需(xu)通過技術提(ti)升爭取機(ji)制電(dian)(dian)價，在優勝(sheng)劣(lie)汰中(zhong)構筑(zhu)競爭優勢。
國網能源研究院新能源與統計研究所原所長李瓊慧（圖源：采訪對象供圖）
能源規劃迎雙控變革
《21世紀》：黨的二十屆四中全會重點強調“加快建設新型能源體系”，如何理解其重要性？
李瓊慧：黨(dang)的(de)二十(shi)屆四(si)中(zhong)全會明確提(ti)出“加快(kuai)(kuai)建(jian)設新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，積極穩妥推(tui)進和(he)實現(xian)碳達峰(feng)，加快(kuai)(kuai)形成綠色生產生活方式(shi)。”新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)的(de)提(ti)法最早(zao)是在2022年(nian)(nian)(nian)，黨(dang)的(de)二十(shi)大報告中(zhong)正(zheng)(zheng)式(shi)提(ti)出規劃(hua)建(jian)設新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)。2023年(nian)(nian)(nian)，黨(dang)中(zhong)央、國務院審議通過《關于(yu)加快(kuai)(kuai)規劃(hua)建(jian)設新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)的(de)意(yi)見(jian)》。2024年(nian)(nian)(nian)，《中(zhong)華(hua)人民(min)共(gong)和(he)國能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法》正(zheng)(zheng)式(shi)發(fa)布，為(wei)(wei)構(gou)建(jian)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)和(he)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)電力系(xi)(xi)統建(jian)設提(ti)供了(le)法律保障。關于(yu)如(ru)何建(jian)設新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，2024年(nian)(nian)(nian)底(di)召開的(de)2025年(nian)(nian)(nian)全國能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工作會議中(zhong)明確了(le)，2025年(nian)(nian)(nian)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工作十(shi)大重點(dian)第(di)一項重點(dian)工作就是“踐行能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全新(xin)(xin)戰略，構(gou)建(jian)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)”，包括加快(kuai)(kuai)規劃(hua)建(jian)設新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，堅(jian)持以科技創新(xin)(xin)為(wei)(wei)引(yin)領、體(ti)(ti)(ti)制改革(ge)為(wei)(wei)動(dong)力、安(an)全充裕為(wei)(wei)前提(ti)、經濟(ji)可行為(wei)(wei)基礎，逐步建(jian)立以非化石(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)供應主體(ti)(ti)(ti)、化石(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)兜底(di)保障、新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)電力系(xi)(xi)統為(wei)(wei)關鍵支撐、綠色智慧節約為(wei)(wei)用能(neng)(neng)導向的(de)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，推(tui)動(dong)貫徹落實能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全新(xin)(xin)戰略取得更大成果。
《21世紀》：如何評價過去五年來尤以新能源為代表的能源發展成就？在推動能源綠色低碳轉型過程中，有哪些代表性的科技創新？
李瓊慧：中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展為(wei)全球綠(lv)色轉型作(zuo)出了(le)(le)突出貢(gong)獻。一(yi)是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)裝機、發(fa)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)連續多(duo)年(nian)位居(ju)世界第一(yi)。截至2025年(nian)8月，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)風(feng)電(dian)、光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)裝機約17億千瓦，占比(bi)超(chao)過全球的40%；2024年(nian)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)風(feng)電(dian)、光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)達到1.84萬億千瓦時。二是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)產業為(wei)全球提(ti)供綠(lv)色動力。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)產業的發(fa)展推動全球風(feng)電(dian)和(he)(he)光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)項目平均度電(dian)成本分別累計(ji)下(xia)降超(chao)過60%和(he)(he)80%，為(wei)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)在越來越多(duo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)廣(guang)泛經濟利(li)用創造了(le)(le)條件。三是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展為(wei)全球減(jian)(jian)碳做出了(le)(le)重要貢(gong)獻。“十四五”期間，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)出口(kou)的風(feng)電(dian)光(guang)伏(fu)產品覆蓋了(le)(le)全球200多(duo)個國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)和(he)(he)地區，累計(ji)為(wei)其(qi)他國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)減(jian)(jian)少碳排放約41億噸，接近全球一(yi)年(nian)碳排放總量(liang)(liang)的十分之(zhi)一(yi)。最具有代(dai)表性的技術創新(xin)就是新(xin)三樣(新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽車、鋰電(dian)池(chi)、光(guang)伏(fu)產品)和(he)(he)特高(gao)壓輸(shu)電(dian)技術。
《21世紀》：對于“十五五”能源規劃，有哪些新的期待？能否重點介紹新能源新業態深刻改變電網發展模式？
李瓊慧：“十五(wu)五(wu)”能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)將(jiang)是(shi)一個不同于傳(chuan)統(tong)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)的(de)全(quan)新(xin)的(de)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)，將(jiang)構建以(yi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉型(xing)(xing)為(wei)導向(xiang)、由能(neng)(neng)耗雙(shuang)控(kong)向(xiang)碳(tan)排(pai)放雙(shuang)控(kong)轉變(bian)的(de)全(quan)新(xin)的(de)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)體系。按照國家總體目標，到2030年(nian)，新(xin)型(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體系初步形成，作為(wei)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體系核心的(de)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)電力(li)系統(tong)建設(she)取(qu)得(de)重要進展；到2035年(nian)，新(xin)型(xing)(xing)電力(li)系統(tong)基本建成。因此，“十五(wu)五(wu)”能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)的(de)指標體系將(jiang)完全(quan)不同于過去(qu)。
隨著(zhu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，既消(xiao)費電(dian)(dian)能(neng)又(you)生(sheng)產電(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)業態(tai)不斷(duan)涌現(xian)，源(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)荷儲一體(ti)化(hua)、綠(lv)電(dian)(dian)直供、交通領(ling)域車(che)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)互動(dong)(dong)、建(jian)筑領(ling)域光儲直柔(rou)、化(hua)工領(ling)域綠(lv)電(dian)(dian)制氫(qing)等新(xin)(xin)(xin)業態(tai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)成為(wei)承載新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)重要(yao)力(li)量。新(xin)(xin)(xin)業態(tai)“產消(xiao)者”的(de)興(xing)起、電(dian)(dian)力(li)市場化(hua)加快推(tui)進，將深刻改變(bian)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)發(fa)展(zhan)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)。要(yao)求加快建(jian)設(she)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)運(yun)行模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)、平衡(heng)(heng)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)變(bian)。一是(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)業態(tai)。基于分布式(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)接入方(fang)式(shi)(shi)和消(xiao)納特(te)性，建(jian)設(she)滿足分布式(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)規模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)化(hua)開(kai)發(fa)和就地消(xiao)納要(yao)求的(de)分布式(shi)(shi)智能(neng)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，實(shi)現(xian)與大電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)兼容(rong)并存、融(rong)合(he)發(fa)展(zhan)。推(tui)動(dong)(dong)微電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)建(jian)設(she)，強化(hua)自(zi)主調(diao)峰、自(zi)我平衡(heng)(heng)能(neng)力(li)。二是(shi)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)運(yun)行模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)型。隨著(zhu)分布式(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)、儲能(neng)、虛(xu)擬電(dian)(dian)廠、車(che)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)互動(dong)(dong)發(fa)展(zhan)，調(diao)度可控對象從(cong)(cong)源(yuan)(yuan)擴展(zhan)到(dao)源(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)荷儲以及聚合(he)商等新(xin)(xin)(xin)型經營主體(ti)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)調(diao)度運(yun)行模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)從(cong)(cong)的(de)“源(yuan)(yuan)隨荷動(dong)(dong)”傳統(tong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)向“供需互動(dong)(dong)”智慧模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)變(bian)。三是(shi)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)平衡(heng)(heng)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)型。探索自(zi)下而上調(diao)度平衡(heng)(heng)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)從(cong)(cong)單一供配電(dian)(dian)服(fu)務主體(ti)向源(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)荷儲資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)高效配置平臺(tai)轉(zhuan)變(bian)，構建(jian)主配微網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)協同的(de)大范圍、多(duo)層(ceng)級(ji)平衡(heng)(heng)體(ti)系。
強化技術研發
《21世紀》：零碳園區今年備受關注，理想的國家級零碳園區的標準和規劃是什么樣？我們了解到施耐德、西門子等跨國公司都在努力建設相關園區，可以給企業哪些建議？
李瓊慧：今年7月，國家(jia)發(fa)展改革(ge)委、工業和信息化(hua)部 、國家(jia)能源(yuan)局聯合(he)下發(fa)《關(guan)于開展零碳(tan)(tan)園(yuan)(yuan)區建(jian)設(she)的通知(zhi)》，第一次提出(chu)了我國國家(jia)級零碳(tan)(tan)園(yuan)(yuan)區的關(guan)鍵指標(biao)體系，包括1項(xiang)核心指標(biao)和5項(xiang)引(yin)導指標(biao)在內的指標(biao)體系。園(yuan)(yuan)區單位(wei)能耗(hao)碳(tan)(tan)排放是國家(jia)級零碳(tan)(tan)園(yuan)(yuan)區建(jian)設(she)的核心指標(biao),清(qing)潔能源(yuan)消費占(zhan)比、園(yuan)(yuan)區企業產出(chu)產品單位(wei)能耗(hao)、工業固廢綜合(he)利用率、余熱(re)余冷余壓綜合(he)利用率、工業用水重復利用率等是項(xiang)引(yin)導性(xing)指標(biao)。
從(cong)核心指標來(lai)看(kan)，根據園區(qu)用能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)，年綜合能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)費量(liang)(liang)在(zai)20萬(wan)噸(dun)(dun)至(zhi)100萬(wan)噸(dun)(dun)標準(zhun)(zhun)煤(mei)區(qu)間的，要求單位能(neng)(neng)耗碳(tan)排放需(xu)小(xiao)于等于0.2噸(dun)(dun)/噸(dun)(dun)標準(zhun)(zhun)煤(mei)；年綜合能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)費量(liang)(liang)大于等于100萬(wan)噸(dun)(dun)標準(zhun)(zhun)煤(mei)的，單位能(neng)(neng)耗碳(tan)排放需(xu)小(xiao)于等于0.3噸(dun)(dun)/噸(dun)(dun)標準(zhun)(zhun)煤(mei)。
這(zhe)個(ge)核(he)心(xin)(xin)指標意(yi)味著：一(yi)是(shi)國家級(ji)零(ling)(ling)碳(tan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)不(bu)(bu)同于(yu)國外(wai)和一(yi)些(xie)跨國公司(si)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)小型零(ling)(ling)碳(tan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)，主要是(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)總(zong)(zong)量超過(guo)20萬噸(dun)(dun)(dun)的(de)以(yi)(yi)制造業(ye)為(wei)主的(de)工業(ye)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)；二是(shi)不(bu)(bu)同于(yu)國外(wai)和一(yi)些(xie)跨國公司(si)試(shi)點建(jian)(jian)設的(de)零(ling)(ling)碳(tan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)，國家級(ji)零(ling)(ling)碳(tan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)核(he)心(xin)(xin)指標非常嚴苛，根(gen)據相關統計，當前(qian)全(quan)國園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)單(dan)位能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)碳(tan)排(pai)放大致在2.1噸(dun)(dun)(dun)/噸(dun)(dun)(dun)標準(zhun)煤左右，這(zhe)意(yi)味著零(ling)(ling)碳(tan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)成后，其(qi)單(dan)位能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)碳(tan)排(pai)放要較全(quan)國平(ping)均水平(ping)下降90%左右。三是(shi)滿(man)足國家級(ji)零(ling)(ling)碳(tan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)要求(qiu)的(de)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)只能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)電(dian)為(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)、以(yi)(yi)綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)為(wei)主的(de)工業(ye)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)。按(an)核(he)心(xin)(xin)指標倒算，即使園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)全(quan)部采用(yong)綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)，園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)利用(yong)低(di)(di)碳(tan)的(de)天然(ran)氣的(de)比重不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)超過(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)總(zong)(zong)量的(de)20%。四是(shi)要求(qiu)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)直供的(de)比例不(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)于(yu)50%，也就(jiu)意(yi)味著園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)外(wai)購能(neng)(neng)(neng)源的(de)比例不(bu)(bu)超過(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)總(zong)(zong)量的(de)一(yi)半(ban)，園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)需要構建(jian)(jian)一(yi)個(ge)以(yi)(yi)自供能(neng)(neng)(neng)為(wei)主，電(dian)為(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)的(de)供能(neng)(neng)(neng)體(ti)系。這(zhe)也為(wei)建(jian)(jian)設基于(yu)分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源的(de)接入方式(shi)和消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)特(te)性(xing)，滿(man)足分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源規(gui)模化開發和就(jiu)地消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)要求(qiu)的(de)分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)網(wang)創造了(le)應用(yong)場(chang)景。
企業要積極參與國(guo)家級零碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)園區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設。一是加(jia)強零碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)相關技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)創新和先進(jin)適用技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)應(ying)用。加(jia)強科技(ji)(ji)成果轉化應(ying)用，探索綠色低碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)研發與產業發展深度融合(he)機制，圍繞低碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)零碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)負(fu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)先進(jin)適用技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)打造(zao)示范應(ying)用場(chang)景(jing)，提(ti)出具有商業價(jia)值(zhi)的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)解決(jue)方案。二是為(wei)(wei)零碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)園區(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)設能碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)管理(li)平臺(tai)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)支(zhi)撐。為(wei)(wei)園區(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)設覆蓋主要用能企業的(de)(de)能碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)管理(li)平臺(tai)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)解決(jue)方案，為(wei)(wei)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排放核算、源網匹配調節(jie)、電力需求側管理(li)、多(duo)能協同互補、資源高效循環利用等(deng)工作提(ti)供(gong)(gong)支(zhi)撐。
《21世紀》：有專家認為“可再生能源依然是在市場化的前提下前行”，如何看待這一說法？
李瓊慧：中國新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展從(cong)2020年(nian)(nian)開始就進(jin)入了無補貼的平價時代，隨著產業規模(mo)和裝機規模(mo)的不斷擴大，到今年(nian)(nian)上(shang)半(ban)年(nian)(nian)風光(guang)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)裝機已超過(guo)火電(dian)(dian)成為第(di)一(yi)大電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。隨著我(wo)國電(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場(chang)化建設進(jin)程的推進(jin)，今年(nian)(nian)136號文（《國家發(fa)展改革(ge)委 國家能(neng)源(yuan)局關(guan)于深化新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)價市(shi)場(chang)化改革(ge) 促(cu)進(jin)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)高質(zhi)量發(fa)展的通知》）的出臺(tai)，標志(zhi)著今年(nian)(nian)底我(wo)國新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)將基(ji)于機制電(dian)(dian)價全面入市(shi)。
堅(jian)持(chi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化改革方(fang)向，推(tui)動新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源上網電(dian)量全面進(jin)入(ru)電(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)、通過(guo)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)交易形成價(jia)格；堅(jian)持(chi)責任(ren)公平承擔，完善適(shi)應新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)交易和價(jia)格機制，推(tui)動新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源公平參(can)與市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)交易。初(chu)期通過(guo)建(jian)立差(cha)價(jia)結算的(de)機制，讓(rang)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源發(fa)(fa)電(dian)企業能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠有合理穩定的(de)預期，從(cong)而促進(jin)行業平穩健康發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，未來主要通過(guo)完善綠電(dian)綠證(zheng)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)機制，使新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源獲得綠色(se)溢價(jia)，從(cong)而保障新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源獲得合理市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)收益。
對于市場而言，造價低、功率預(yu)測水平高、運行水平高、報價策略優的增量新能源項目(mu)會更具有(you)競爭力。
