21世紀經濟報道記者李愿 北京報道  在(zai)中(zhong)央(yang)經(jing)濟工作(zuo)會(hui)議結束次日（12月13日），全國(guo)金融(rong)系統工作(zuo)會(hui)議（以(yi)下簡稱“會(hui)議”）在(zai)京召(zhao)開。從歷(li)史信息看，緊隨中(zhong)央(yang)經(jing)濟工作(zuo)會(hui)議召(zhao)開全國(guo)金融(rong)系統工作(zuo)會(hui)議還是首次。

中央金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)委員會辦公(gong)室主(zhu)任(ren)、中央金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)委員會書記(ji)何立峰出席會議(yi)(yi)并強(qiang)調，要繼續(xu)緊(jin)緊(jin)圍(wei)繞防風險、強(qiang)監管、促發(fa)展(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)主(zhu)線，以“釘(ding)釘(ding)子”精(jing)神(shen)抓(zhua)好(hao)貫徹落實中央經濟工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)會議(yi)(yi)精(jing)神(shen)等(deng)，扎實做好(hao)明年金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。何立峰具(ju)體在防范(fan)化解重點領域金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)風險和外部沖擊、強(qiang)化金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)監管、提高金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)務實體經濟質(zhi)效、實施好(hao)適(shi)度(du)寬松的(de)貨(huo)幣政(zheng)策、進一(yi)步(bu)發(fa)揮支持小微企業(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)資協調工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)機制(zhi)作(zuo)用、充分發(fa)揮城市房地產融(rong)(rong)(rong)資協調機制(zhi)作(zuo)用、找準(zhun)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)支持穩外貿的(de)著力(li)點、加快推(tui)進金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)自身高質(zhi)量發(fa)展(zhan)等(deng)八個方面提出了相關要求(qiu)。

防風(feng)(feng)險(xian)、強(qiang)監管(guan)、促(cu)發(fa)展(zhan)工(gong)作(zuo)思路源(yuan)自去年10月(yue)底召開的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)央金(jin)(jin)融(rong)工(gong)作(zuo)會(hui)(hui)議。今(jin)年8月(yue)，中(zhong)(zhong)央金(jin)(jin)融(rong)辦分(fen)管(guan)日常(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)副主(zhu)任、中(zhong)(zhong)央金(jin)(jin)融(rong)工(gong)委分(fen)管(guan)日常(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)副書記王江(jiang)在(zai)接受采(cai)訪時表示，深(shen)化(hua)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)體制改革的(de)(de)實(shi)踐要求是“防風(feng)(feng)險(xian)、強(qiang)監管(guan)、促(cu)高質量(liang)(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)”。當(dang)前和今(jin)后一個時期是以中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)式(shi)現代化(hua)全面推進(jin)強(qiang)國(guo)建設、民族(zu)復興偉業(ye)的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)時期。必須統(tong)籌推進(jin)防風(feng)(feng)險(xian)、強(qiang)監管(guan)、促(cu)高質量(liang)(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)工(gong)作(zuo)，牢(lao)牢(lao)守住不發(fa)生系統(tong)性金(jin)(jin)融(rong)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)的(de)(de)底線，以高質量(liang)(liang)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)服務助力經濟社會(hui)(hui)高質量(liang)(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)。

牢牢守住不發生系統性風險的底線

防(fang)范化(hua)解金(jin)(jin)融風(feng)險(xian)(xian)，特別是(shi)防(fang)止發生系(xi)統性(xing)(xing)金(jin)(jin)融風(feng)險(xian)(xian)，是(shi)金(jin)(jin)融工作的根(gen)本性(xing)(xing)任務(wu)，也是(shi)金(jin)(jin)融工作的永恒主題。具(ju)體(ti)來看，在防(fang)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)方面，此次會議要求要有(you)力有(you)序有(you)效防(fang)范化(hua)解重(zhong)點領域金(jin)(jin)融風(feng)險(xian)(xian)和外(wai)部沖擊，促(cu)進資本市場等(deng)各領域平穩(wen)健(jian)康發展(zhan)，牢(lao)牢(lao)守住不發生系(xi)統性(xing)(xing)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)的底線(xian)。

中(zhong)央經濟(ji)工作會(hui)議在談及我國(guo)經濟(ji)運行面(mian)臨的(de)困難和挑(tiao)戰時提到(dao)“風(feng)險隱患仍然較多”。對于(yu)明年防范化(hua)解重點(dian)領(ling)域風(feng)險方(fang)面(mian)，會(hui)議具體(ti)提到(dao)了(le)三個方(fang)面(mian)：房(fang)地(di)(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)(chan)、地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)中(zhong)小金融(rong)機構、非法金融(rong)活動(dong)。就房(fang)地(di)(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)(chan)而言(yan)，此次會(hui)議提出要充分發揮城(cheng)市(shi)房(fang)地(di)(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)資協(xie)調機制(zhi)作用，推動(dong)“白名單(dan)”項目擴圍(wei)增效，鞏(gong)固房(fang)地(di)(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)(chan)市(shi)場止(zhi)跌(die)回穩勢(shi)頭，堅(jian)決打好保交房(fang)攻(gong)堅(jian)戰，加快構建與(yu)房(fang)地(di)(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)(chan)發展新(xin)模式相(xiang)匹(pi)配的(de)金融(rong)服務體(ti)系。

“為做好房地(di)產項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)融(rong)資，保障(zhang)房屋建成交付，我們還會(hui)進(jin)一步(bu)優化完善(shan)房地(di)產‘白名單’項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)融(rong)資機制，做到合格項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)‘應(ying)進(jin)盡進(jin)’，已審(shen)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)款(kuan)‘應(ying)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)盡貸(dai)(dai)(dai)’，資金(jin)撥付‘能(neng)早(zao)盡早(zao)’。”10月17日，金(jin)融(rong)監管總(zong)局(ju)副局(ju)長肖遠企在國新辦新聞發(fa)布會(hui)上(shang)回答21世紀經(jing)濟報道記者提(ti)問時表(biao)示，預計到2024年(nian)底，“白名單”項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)款(kuan)審(shen)批通過金(jin)額(e)將翻倍，超(chao)過4萬億(yi)元。

21世紀經濟報(bao)道記(ji)者日前通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)采訪了(le)解到(dao)，截(jie)至11月18日，房地產“白名單”項目貸(dai)款審批通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)金額超過(guo)(guo)3萬(wan)億(yi)元，預計到(dao)年(nian)底4萬(wan)億(yi)元的目標能順利完成。

對于地(di)方中(zhong)小金(jin)融機(ji)構(gou)風險化解工(gong)作，中(zhong)誠信國際研究(jiu)院執(zhi)行院長袁海霞建議(yi)可采取四點舉措：一(yi)是(shi)多措并舉妥(tuo)善處置中(zhong)小金(jin)融機(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)不(bu)良資(zi)產，比如發揮AMC的(de)(de)作用；二是(shi)積(ji)極推進中(zhong)小金(jin)融機(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)重組整合；三是(shi)引導(dao)完善內(nei)部治(zhi)理(li)和內(nei)控；四是(shi)完善補充(chong)資(zi)本(ben)金(jin)渠道，如通過(guo)專項債支(zhi)持中(zhong)小銀行補充(chong)資(zi)本(ben)等。

值得注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)是，此次會議還特別提(ti)到“外部沖擊”。中(zhong)國人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)銀行(xing)貨(huo)幣(bi)政策(ce)司司長鄒(zou)瀾12月13日(ri)接(jie)受采訪時表示，明年還將深化匯(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)率市場化改革(ge)，加(jia)強(qiang)匯(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)率預期管理(li)，有力應對外部沖擊，堅(jian)決(jue)防范(fan)匯(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)率超調(diao)風險(xian)，保持人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)幣(bi)匯(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)率在(zai)合(he)理(li)均(jun)衡(heng)水(shui)平上的(de)基(ji)(ji)本穩定(ding)。還將按照中(zhong)央經濟(ji)工作會議提(ti)出的(de)要求，提(ti)高政策(ce)整體效能。匯(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)率方面，中(zhong)央經濟(ji)工作會議要求保持人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)幣(bi)匯(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)率在(zai)合(he)理(li)均(jun)衡(heng)水(shui)平上的(de)基(ji)(ji)本穩定(ding)。

此次會議還特別(bie)提到要促進資(zi)本(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場等各領域平穩(wen)健康發(fa)展(zhan)，而中央(yang)經(jing)濟工作會議則直接提及要穩(wen)住樓市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)股市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不(bu)(bu)過資(zi)本(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場不(bu)(bu)只是股市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。民生銀行(xing)首席經(jing)濟學家(jia)溫彬(bin)認(ren)為，穩(wen)住股市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一定程度上也可(ke)(ke)從防風(feng)險角度來(lai)看待，盡管其作用更多(duo)地體現在提振消費、助力(li)融資(zi)上，但也可(ke)(ke)以避(bi)免跨市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場的(de)風(feng)險傳遞共振。

西南(nan)證券分析認為(wei)，中央經濟工(gong)作會(hui)議對于(yu)資(zi)產價格的關注度(du)較以往(wang)明顯提(ti)升，未來政(zheng)策(ce)或通過資(zi)產價格回(hui)穩來提(ti)振居民和企業預期，從(cong)而激發(fa)內需。“股市方(fang)面可能通過新(xin)設創新(xin)型政(zheng)策(ce)工(gong)具(ju)、并購重組、吸(xi)引長(chang)期資(zi)本(ben)等方(fang)式持(chi)續(xu)提(ti)振。”

逐業逐行逐單位強化金融監管

在強(qiang)(qiang)監管(guan)方面，此次會議要求要逐(zhu)業逐(zhu)行逐(zhu)單(dan)位強(qiang)(qiang)化金(jin)融(rong)監管(guan)，進一步(bu)健全監管(guan)制度，強(qiang)(qiang)化監管(guan)執法(fa)和問責(ze)，加強(qiang)(qiang)監管(guan)協同，加快(kuai)補齊(qi)金(jin)融(rong)法(fa)治(zhi)短板，持(chi)續提升監管(guan)效(xiao)能。

21世(shi)紀經濟報(bao)道記者注(zhu)意(yi)到，在加(jia)強金融監(jian)管(guan)方面，今年《國務院關于加(jia)強監(jian)管(guan)防(fang)范風險(xian)推動(dong)資(zi)本市(shi)場高質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的若(ruo)(ruo)干意(yi)見》《國務院關于加(jia)強監(jian)管(guan)防(fang)范風險(xian)推動(dong)保險(xian)業(ye)高質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的若(ruo)(ruo)干意(yi)見》《關于加(jia)強監(jian)管(guan)防(fang)范風險(xian)促進期貨市(shi)場高質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的意(yi)見》等文件先(xian)后(hou)出臺，均提到了強監(jian)管(guan)、防(fang)風險(xian)、促高質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的工作思路(lu)。

據了(le)解，自中央金融(rong)工作(zuo)會議召(zhao)開(kai)以來，作(zuo)為牽頭(tou)建立兜底監管機制的(de)金融(rong)監管總局，統籌(chou)做好防風險、強監管、促發展各(ge)項(xiang)工作(zuo)，引導銀(yin)行保險機構不(bu)斷加大金融(rong)供(gong)給，持續降(jiang)低(di)融(rong)資成本(ben)，為經濟穩定(ding)增長提供(gong)了(le)有(you)力(li)支撐。

作(zuo)為金融(rong)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)總(zong)局新成立的直屬行(xing)政機(ji)構(gou)，金融(rong)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)總(zong)局稽(ji)(ji)查局、稽(ji)(ji)查總(zong)隊(dui)黨(dang)支部今年6月撰文表示，金融(rong)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)是系(xi)統(tong)工程，需要加強(qiang)(qiang)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)協同。金融(rong)稽(ji)(ji)查堅持站(zhan)在全局高(gao)度，運用系(xi)統(tong)思(si)維，強(qiang)(qiang)化綜(zong)合(he)施策(ce)。例如，在構(gou)建稽(ji)(ji)查合(he)力(li)方(fang)面，要加強(qiang)(qiang)與最高(gao)檢(jian)、紀檢(jian)監(jian)察、公安、審計(ji)、財稅、市場監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)部門以及(ji)與地(di)方(fang)黨(dang)委政府、金融(rong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理部門溝通，內(nei)部加強(qiang)(qiang)與各職能司局、地(di)方(fang)派出(chu)機(ji)構(gou)協作(zuo)，靈活采(cai)取(qu)聯合(he)執(zhi)法、聯合(he)稽(ji)(ji)查、移交核(he)查等方(fang)式，形(xing)成齊抓共管(guan)(guan)(guan)、強(qiang)(qiang)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、防風(feng)險的銅墻(qiang)鐵壁。

21世(shi)紀經濟(ji)報道記者注意到(dao)，近(jin)日多地(di)金(jin)融監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)局(ju)黨(dang)委(wei)(wei)撰文談及強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)工作(zuo)成效(xiao)。四川金(jin)融監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)局(ju)黨(dang)委(wei)(wei)表示(shi)，持(chi)續深化(hua)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)嚴(yan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，包括開(kai)展強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)嚴(yan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)專(zhuan)項行(xing)動(dong)，堅決(jue)做(zuo)到(dao)“長牙帶刺”、有(you)棱有(you)角，守住守好準入關口，切實(shi)把握實(shi)質(zhi)性審查(cha)，認(ren)真(zhen)落實(shi)“減量(liang)提質(zhi)”要(yao)求(qiu)等；湖南金(jin)融監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)局(ju)黨(dang)委(wei)(wei)表示(shi)，堅持(chi)不懈強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)嚴(yan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，將堅持(chi)“監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)姓監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”，把準監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)定位，扎實(shi)推進強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)嚴(yan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)專(zhuan)項行(xing)動(dong)，堅決(jue)做(zuo)到(dao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)“長牙帶刺”、有(you)棱有(you)角等；河北金(jin)融監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)局(ju)黨(dang)委(wei)(wei)表示(shi)，加強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)紀檢(jian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)、巡察監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)、審計(ji)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)、財會監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)的(de)協作(zuo)配合，強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)對權力運行(xing)的(de)全過程管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控、所(suo)有(you)崗(gang)位的(de)全方位監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)，做(zuo)好“監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)的(de)再(zai)(zai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)、檢(jian)查(cha)的(de)再(zai)(zai)檢(jian)查(cha)”，切實(shi)以強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)促進強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。

對于加快(kuai)(kuai)補(bu)齊(qi)金融(rong)(rong)法(fa)治短板的要求(qiu)，今(jin)年(nian)5月，金融(rong)(rong)監管(guan)(guan)總局法(fa)規(gui)司黨支部撰文表示，將加快(kuai)(kuai)完(wan)善(shan)金融(rong)(rong)法(fa)律(lv)體(ti)系“四梁(liang)八柱(zhu)”，重點(dian)解決股東監管(guan)(guan)依據不足(zu)、風險處置機制(zhi)不完(wan)善(shan)、行政處罰(fa)力度(du)偏低等問(wen)題，力爭“一(yi)攬子”補(bu)齊(qi)制(zhi)度(du)短板。“近年(nian)來我國金融(rong)(rong)立法(fa)進入快(kuai)(kuai)車道，銀行業(ye)監督管(guan)(guan)理(li)法(fa)、保險法(fa)、商業(ye)銀行法(fa)等修(xiu)(xiu)法(fa)項(xiang)目取得實質性進展，地方(fang)金融(rong)(rong)監督管(guan)(guan)理(li)條例、金融(rong)(rong)資產管(guan)(guan)理(li)公司條例等行政法(fa)規(gui)正在抓緊起草(cao)和修(xiu)(xiu)訂。”

今年5月，全國人大常委會發(fa)布的2024年度(du)立(li)法(fa)工作計(ji)劃(hua)顯示，修改商業銀行(xing)法(fa)、銀行(xing)業監督管理法(fa)等(deng)已列入預備審議項(xiang)目，并提到要研究包括金融(rong)(rong)監管制(zhi)度(du)在內的金融(rong)(rong)方(fang)面綜合(he)性法(fa)律(lv)。

“不斷提升金(jin)融監(jian)管(guan)(guan)質(zhi)效。深化監(jian)管(guan)(guan)體制(zhi)改革，加(jia)快(kuai)構建(jian)中國(guo)特色金(jin)融監(jian)管(guan)(guan)體系。持續彌補監(jian)管(guan)(guan)制(zhi)度短板(ban)，精(jing)準規(gui)范高效執法，聚焦(jiao)關(guan)鍵事(shi)、關(guan)鍵人、關(guan)鍵行(xing)為，防范實(shi)質(zhi)風險(xian)、解決實(shi)際問題(ti)。加(jia)強部門聯(lian)動和(he)央地協同，凝聚強監(jian)管(guan)(guan)嚴監(jian)管(guan)(guan)強大合力(li)。”12月13日，金(jin)融監(jian)管(guan)(guan)總局黨委召開會議傳達學(xue)習中央經濟工作會議精(jing)神(shen)時表(biao)示(shi)。